ON THE CONTENT OF THE CONCEPT OF “DISTRIBUTION” AS A SIGN OF ILLEGAL PRODUCTION AND CIRCULATION OF PORNOGRAPHIC MATERIALS OR OBJECTS
УДК 343.542.1 ББК 67.408.132.25
Abstract
An analysis of the practice of applying Article 242 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federationdemonstrates the complexity of defining the content of the term “distribution”. The emerging law enforcementpractice of recent years adheres to a broad approach, including in the content of the concept under considerationand cases of sending pornographic materials to one person. However, it seems possible to include in the rangeof manifestations of the act under consideration only those that lead to harm to the object of the crime underconsideration — public morality. It is proved that public morality can be violated only by actions that gobeyond the interaction and personal relations of two individually defined persons. A negative assessment isgiven of the approach currently in practice, within the framework of which the criminal-legal assessment of the actions under consideration is made dependent on the presence or absence of intimate relations betweenpersons, since the establishment of such circumstances, which is mandatory for making a qualificationdecision, is a factor in the violation of the constitutional right to privacy, personal and family secrets. Theauthor argues that when pornographic material is transferred by one person to another individually identifiedperson, its further non-dissemination may be associated with personal relations of a different nature (friendly,official, etc.). Therefore, distribution as one of the manifestations of the objective side of the crime providedfor in Article 242 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is capable of causing harm to the objectof this crime only when the relevant material or object is transferred to a group of persons or an unlimitednumber of persons, which is achievable both when transferred to one person in cases where, as a result of this,other persons or an unlimited number of persons also receive the opportunity to use the object or material.
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